![]() ![]() These gained fame and distinction all over Europe and were republished throughout the eighteenth and even in the nineteenth century.īellin also produced smaller format maps such as the 1764 Petit Atlas Maritime, containing 580 finely-detailed charts. He also produced a number of sea atlases of the world, including the Atlas Maritime and the Hydrographie Francaise. Their output included a folio-format sea atlas of France, the Neptune Francois. In August 1741, he became the first Ingénieur de la Marine of the Dépôt des cartes et plans de la Marine (the French Hydrographic Office) and was named Official Hydrographer of the French King.ĭuring his term as Official Hydrographer, the Dépôt was the one of the most active centers for the production of sea charts and maps in Europe. Jacques-Nicolas Bellin (1703-1772) was among the most important mapmakers of the eighteenth century. In 1721, at only the age of 18, he was appointed Hydrographer to the French Navy. African Islands, including Madagascar (58).Tobacco smugglers would exit the gate at this time and lurk outside, waiting for an opportunity to cross the neutral ground into Spain during the night. ![]() To cross these defences, there was a drawbridge which was pulled up at night. The ditch's defences included a palisade and a gunpowder mine which could be exploded beneath an assault. There was also a moat covering the northern approach - the Landport Ditch. There were also obstacles in it such as cheval de frise and metal hoops. The gate was subsequently defended by the Inundation - a flooded and fortified area of ground measuring about 200 yards (180 m) in length by about 60 yards (55 m) broad and was "nearly man-height" in depth. The tunnel to the gate inside the fortification.Īfter the territory was first captured from the Spanish in 1704, the British defended the Landport with twenty guns. It was originally the only entrance to the fortification from the land and so was heavily fortified and guarded. ![]() The Landport (Puerta de Tierra/España) is a gate into the territory of Gibraltar. ![]()
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